[150 years ago this week, the great W.C. Handy was born. So this week I’ll AmericanStudy Handy and other icons of the Blues, leading up to a special weekend post on some contemporary Blues greats!]
On just
one telling detail each for five more iconic artists (in no particular order):
1)
Son House
(1902-1988): What’s perhaps most interesting about the long and influential career
of foundational Bluesman Edward
“Son” House is that he resisted the genre on two distinct occasions: in his
early professional life as a preacher, for whom secular music was blasphemous;
and for nearly two decades between the 1940s and 60s, when he abandoned his
career and seemingly retired for good. But the Blues were not done with House,
and his inspiring late-career partnership with the young white musician
Alan Wilson led to new and perhaps even more influential recordings.
2)
Ma
Rainey (1886-1939): August Wilson’s Ma
Rainey’s Black Bottom (1985) is one of the great 20th
century American plays, and serves as an excellent introduction to both the
music and the struggles of this iconic American artist. But because it’s set
relatively late in her career, it doesn’t include much engagement with her very
complicated and interesting professional origins: 18 year old Gertrude Pridgett
married 31 year old performer Will “Pa”
Rainey in 1904, became known as Ma, and toured with Will as Rainey
and Rainey, Assassinators of the Blues. Without intending any besmirching
of Will through the association, there’s at least a bit of Ike and Tina Turner
in that story, I’d say.
3)
Muddy Waters
(1913-1983): One of the most compelling layers to the 20th century
development of the Blues is the way that the genre followed the Great
Migration, moving from Southern (and often Deep South) origins to its growth
and increasing prominence in urban centers throughout the North and Midwest. No
individual artist better reflects that arc than Muddy Waters, who was born McKinley
Morganfield in Mississippi, became there a leading figure in the foundational
subgenre of the Delta
Blues, and then moved to Chicago at the age of 30 where he would come to be
known as the “Father of
Modern Chicago Blues.”
4)
Bessie Smith (1894-1937): The
towering and prolific artist who became known as the “Empress
of the Blues” was also one of the more divisive artists of her era, at
least when it came to how she was perceived by the industry. When Smith
auditioned for the influential Harlem company Black
Swan Records (which featured W.E.B. Du Bois on its board) in the 1920s, for
example, she was rejected because she supposedly stopped singing in order to
spit and was seen as “too rough.” Yet that roughness also defined many of the
qualities that made both Smith and her music so influential and enduring,
including a sense of independence
and sexuality that were far ahead of her time.
5)
B.B. King
(1925-2015): Riley “B.B.” King was a generation later than any of the other
artists highlighted in this post, and could be said to represent not just the mid-20th
century evolution of the Blues, but also the ways that genre began to intersect
with other emerging forms like R&B, rockabilly, and rock ‘n roll. Indeed,
King’s first Billboard #1 hit, “3 O’Clock Blues,”
charted in February 1952, just a year after the release of a song often defined
as the first rock ‘n roll hit (but one with a lot of the Blues in it as well),
Jackie Brenston and the Delta Cats’ “Rocket 88.” While there
are important characteristics that distinguish and define particular genres, as
the end of the day they all also intersect and cross-pollinate and evolve
together, and perhaps no Blues artist better embodies
those interconnections than B.B. King.
Special
post this weekend,
Ben
PS. What
do you think? Blues figures or contexts you’d highlight?
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