[On September
20, 1945, the first group of Nazi scientists repatriated to the US under
Operation Paperclip arrived at a
landing point in Boston Harbor. So this week I’ll AmericanStudy a handful
of histories and stories of American Nazis, leading up to a special post on
that fraught anniversary.]
On three
striking lines from Tom
Lehrer’s satirical song about the Nazi-turned-American
scientist.
1)
“Call him a Nazi, he won’t even frown/‘Ha, Nazi,
Schmazi,’ says Wernher von Braun”: As I’ll discuss at greater length in the
weekend post, what was perhaps most striking about Operation Paperclip wasn’t
that it brought Nazi scientists to America, but that it did so so quickly and
openly. Von Braun, the scientist single-handedly responsible for the V2
rocket that killed a great many Londoners in the final year of the Blitz
(among other work he did for Hitler’s Nazi regime), was among those initial
arrivals in the United States in late September 1945, less than 5 months after V-E
Day. He would go on to be a prominent public
spokesperson as well as scientist for NASA and the Space Program, appearing
for example on three Walt
Disney Man in Space TV shows. Clearly
von Braun was able to immediately and consistently laugh away his service to
Nazi Germany, and so, it seems was the US government.
2)
“Like the widows and cripples in old London
town/Who owe their large pension to Wernher von Braun”: But not all Americans
were as willing or able to laugh that history away, as Lehrer’s early 1960s
song illustrates. There’s no shortage of contenders for the song’s most biting
couplet, but I would have to go with this one, especially as it follows “But
some think our attitude/Should be one of gratitude.” Obviously those who have
been permanently and fatally affected by von Braun’s rockets would show him no
gratitude—and Lehrer here links “us” and “our attitude” to those London
casualties. The first line in this verse, “Some have harsh words for this man
of renown,” really drives home the point—after all, in 1945 what von Braun was
renowned for was designing killing machines, and it was then that the US
decided to not just spare him from post-war trials and punishments, but to
bring him to America and make him an integral, acclaimed part of our own Cold
War efforts.
3)
“Good old Americans like Dr. Wernher von Braun!”:
All of this adds a great deal more to Lehrer’s spoken introduction to the song,
which asks “what is it” that helped America advanced in both the nuclear and
space races. “Well,” Lehrer replies, “it was good old American know how, that’s
what, as provided by good old Americans like” von Braun. While of course
immigrants to the US are indeed American, von Braun’s immigration took place,
again, just a few months after he was employed by and making weapons for the US’s
wartime adversary. Yet while on that level Lehrer’s description of him as a “good
old American” could be read as ridiculous, I would say that the true satire
lies deeper—that our willingness to abandon morality or ethics in pursuit of
scientific and Cold War “victories” was and is, indeed, all too defining and foundational
of an American trait.
Last
NaziStudying tomorrow,
Ben
PS. What do you
think? Other histories or stories you’d highlight?
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